Low Hgb - Causes and Symptoms of Blood Transfusion Reaction
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Low Hgb! Again, for I know. Ready to share new things that are useful. You and your friends.What is this Condition? Transfusion reaction accompanies or follows intravenous management of blood components. Its severity varies from mild (fever and chills) to severe (acute kidney failure or unblemished vascular collapse and death), depending on the whole of blood transfused, the type of reaction, and the person's normal health.
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We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Low Hgb.What Causes it? Hemolytic reactions (red blood cell rupture) follow transfusion of mismatched blood. Transfusion with incompatible blood triggers the most serious reaction, marked by intravascular clumping of red blood cells. The recipient's antibodies (immunoglobulin G or M) cleave to the donated red blood cells, important to full, clumping and destruction of the recipient's red blood cells and, possibly, the amelioration of disseminated intravascular coagulation and other serious effects.
Transfusion with Rh-incompatible blood triggers a less serious reaction within several days to 2 weeks. Rh reactions are most likely in women sensitized to red blood cell antigens by prior pregnancy or by unknown factors, such as bacterial or viral infection, and in habitancy who have received more than five transfusions.
Allergic reactions are fairly common but only occasionally serious. Febrile nonhemolytic reactions, the most common type of reaction. Apparently create when antibodies in the recipient's plasma charge antIgens.
Bacterial contamination of donor blood, although fairly uncommon, can occur during donor phlebotomy. Also inherent is contamination of donor blood with viruses (such as hepatitis), cytomegalovirus, and the organism causing malaria.
What are its Symptoms? Immediate effects of hemolytic transfusion reaction create within a few minutes or hours after the start of transfusion and may include chills, fever, hives, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, tightness in the chest, chest and back pain, low blood pressure. Bronchospasm, angioedema, and signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis, shock, pulmonary edema, and congestive heart failure. In a man having surgical operation under anesthesia, these symptoms are masked, but blood oozes from mucous membranes or the incision.
Delayed hemolytic reactions can occur up to several weeks after transfusion, causing fever, an unexpected decrease in serum hemoglobin, and jaundice.
Allergic hemolytic reactions typically don't cause a fever and are characterized by hives and angioedema, perhaps progressing to cough, respiratory distress, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vascular instability, shock, and coma.
The hallmark of febrile nonhemolytic reactions is a mild to severe fever that may begin when the transfusion starts or within 2 hours after its completion.
Bacterial contamination causes high fever, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and, possibly, shock. Symptoms of viral contamination may not appear for several weeks after transfusion.
How is it Diagnosed? Confirming a hemolytic transfusion reaction requires proof of blood inequity and evidence of hemolysis. When such a reaction is suspected, the person's blood is retyped and crossmatched with the donor's blood.
When bacterial contamination is suspected, a blood culture should be done to detach the causative organism.
How is it Treated? At the first sign of a hemolytic reaction, the transfusion is stopped immediately. Depending on the nature of the person's reaction, the condition care team may:
o monitor vital signs every 15 to 30 minutes, watching for signs of shock
o voice an open intravenous line with normal saline solution, insert an indwelling urinary catheter, and monitor intake and output
o cover the man with blankets to ease chills
o deliver supplemental oxygen at low flow rates through a nasal cannula or hand-held resuscitation bag (called an Ambu bag)
o administer drugs such as intravenous medications to raise blood pressure and normal saline explication to combat shock, Adrenalin to treat shortness of breath and wheezing, Benadryl to combat cellular histamine released from mast cells, corticosteroids to sell out inflammation, and Osmitrol or Lasix to voice urinary function. Parenteral antihistamines and corticosteroids are given for allergic reactions (arlaphylaxis, a severe reaction, may wish Adrenalin). Drugs to sell out fever are administered for febrile nonhemolytic reactions and accepted intravenous antibiotics are given for bacterial contamination.
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